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SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 15, 2023 鈥� Young vegetables known as microgreens are reputed to be particularly good for health. Now, researchers are trying to find out if microgreens 鈥� which can easily be grown at home 鈥� are the superfood they鈥檙e claimed to be, and how they compare to mature veggies. Results to date show their nutritional profiles differ, as do their effects on gut bacteria. Yet, tests in mice suggest that both microgreen and mature vegetables can limit weight gain.

The researchers will present their results today at the fall meeting of the American Chemical 中国365bet中文官网 (ACS). ACS Fall 2023 is a hybrid meeting being held virtually and in-person Aug. 13鈥�17, and features about 12,000 presentations on a wide range of science topics.

鈥淭he scientific literature suggests that cruciferous vegetables, like kale and broccoli, are good for you,鈥� notes Thomas T. Y. Wang, Ph.D., the project鈥檚 principal investigator. The microgreen versions of these foods are particularly touted for their health benefits. Older than sprouts but younger than baby greens, microgreens are typically harvested within a couple of weeks after they start growing. And they can easily be grown in a container on a windowsill.

鈥淲hen we started this research, not a lot was known about the nutrient content or biological effects of microgreens, so we thought we should take a look at them,鈥� says Wang, a scientist at the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). He is working with collaborators there and at the University of Maryland, College Park.

The team began their studies with another cruciferous plant 鈥� red cabbage. The researchers found that both young and fully grown cabbage limited weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet. Yet the cabbage鈥檚 nutrient profile changed over time, and the microgreen was significantly richer in substances such as glucosinolates 鈥� nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds that may offer protection from cancer, Wang says.

Next, the scientists turned their attention to kale. 鈥淲e wondered whether the bioactive components in microgreen kale were different from those in mature kale,鈥� says Wang. 鈥淎nd we found that the nutritional composition is very different.鈥� For example, the immature plant has about five times more glucosinolates. Similarly, further studies by Wang鈥檚 team and others have shown that nutrient levels in several other types of cruciferous vegetables are higher in the immature plants.

In their latest work, Wang and his colleagues are comparing the biological effects of microgreen and fully grown kale. They have discovered that both the young plant and mature kale are effective in limiting weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet. Additional experiments will be needed to see if humans would experience these same benefits.

Wang believes the weight effects in mice may in part be related to the vegetable鈥檚 impact on the animals鈥� 鈥渕icrobiome,鈥� or the community of bacteria in the gut. Consumption of kale, regardless of its maturity, increases the variety of gut bacteria, the researchers have discovered. However, that enhancement is more pronounced with microgreens. That鈥檚 important because greater bacterial diversity is generally associated with better health, Wang notes.

In future work, the team will continue to study the impact of other cruciferous plants on health. Those findings could help guide diners who dislike some of these foods but are seeking alternatives that taste better to them. 鈥淔or instance, for people who don't like broccoli,鈥� Wang says, 鈥渃an we find some other vegetable they like better that has similar health effects?鈥�

It鈥檚 also possible that the flavor profiles of these vegetables could be altered to make them more palatable. Some of the health-promoting constituents responsible for their characteristic flavor 鈥� such as glucosinolates 鈥� are bitter, but Wang speculates that these compounds might be present at higher levels than are necessary to reap health benefits. If that鈥檚 the case, he says, these crops could potentially be bred to reduce those levels and the associated bitterness.

The researchers acknowledge support and funding from USDA and the National Cancer Institute.

A recorded media briefing on this topic will be posted Tuesday, Aug. 15, by 10 a.m. Eastern time at . Reporters can request access to media briefings during the embargo period by contacting newsroom@acs.org.

For health and safety information for ACS Fall 2023, please visit the FAQ webpage.

The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's chief scientific in-house research agency. Daily, ARS focuses on solutions to agricultural problems affecting America. Each dollar invested in agricultural research results in $20 of economic impact.